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Courts of the Republic of Ireland
The Courts of Ireland consist of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Circuit Court and the District Court. The courts apply the laws of Ireland. Ireland is a common law jurisdiction and trials for serious offences must usually be held before a jury. The High Court and the Supreme Court have authority, by means of judicial review, to determine the compatibility of laws and activities of other institutions of the state with the constitution and the law. Except in exceptional circumstances, court hearings must occur in public.
==Introduction==
The current system of courts is provided for in Article 34 of the Constitution of Ireland of 1937. However, it was not until the (Courts (Establishment and Constitution) Act 1961 ) became law that this system took effect. Between 1937 and 1961 the courts provided for by the Constitution of the Irish Free State and the Courts of Justice Act 1924 continued their work under the Transitory Provisions of the Constitution of 1937, in which Articles 34 to 37 deal with the administration of justice generally.
The (Courts Service Act 1998 ) created the ''Courts Service of Ireland'' to manage the courts and associated property, and provide assistance and facilities to their users, including judges. The Courts Service also provides information to the public. The ''Courts Service Board'', which oversees policy formulation and implementation, is headed by a Chief Executive Officer. Judges of the courts are independent of the service in their judicial functions and are in that capacity paid by the state and not the service.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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